Works Cited

• Abbate, Gay. “Police try to calm Caribana safety fears Parade shooting said to be isolated incident.”  The Globe and Mail

  23 July 2002, Metro: A15.

• Ash, C.T, Melanie. But Where Are You REALLY From?. Concord: Captus Press, 2004. 

• Barahona, Federico and Jim Ross. ” A different beat at Caribana: Festival-fan officer says police must let small offences slide.” The Toronto Star

  5 August 2001: A09.

• Black, Debra. “Gay community kicks up its heels; Downtown a sea of feathers, leather and skin Sober human rights message begins revelry.” The Toronto Star

  26 June 2006: A9.

• Brown, Josh. “Party, party! Glittering, pulsating spectacle of a parade turns Lake Shore into one giant fun zone.” The Toronto Star

  2 August 1998: A1.

• Burman, Jenny. Economies of Nostalgia and Yearning: Traveling the route between Toronto and Jamaica

  . Diss. York Faculty of Graduate Studies, 2001. North York: York University, 2001.

• Bushaija, Ben

  Ushaija. “Caribana swings and sways toward shaky financial future.” The Globe and Mail

  . 28 July 1988: C6.

Fleras, Augie. Racializing Culture/Culturalizing Race: Multiculturalism Racism in a multicultural Canada

. Concord: Captus Press, 2004. 

• Foster, Cecil and Chris Schwartz. Caribana: The Greatest Celebration

  . Toronto: Ballantine Books, 1995.

• —. A Place Called Heaven: The Meaning of Being Black in Canada

  . Toronto: Harper Collins, 1996.

• Gallaugher, Annemarie.

  “Constructing Caribbean Culture in Toronto: The Representations of Caribana.” The Reordering of culture : Latin America, the Caribbean and Canada in the hood

  . Ed. Alvina

  Ruprecht. Ottawa: Carleton UP, 1995. 397 – 407. 

• Gomez, Henry. Personal Interview. Toronto, 21 Feb. 2007.

• Jackson, Peter. The Politics of the streets: A geography of Caribana. Political Geography 2, p 130-151. (1992)

• MacGowan, James

  and Nicholas Ionides. “Caribana parade halted after shooting Police say violence ‘isolated’ as event attracts 1.5 million spectators.”  The Globe and Mail

  3 August 1992, Special: A9. 

• Maughan, Christopher. “Caribana sizzles in sunshine; Mas bands and dancers delight crowd that included visitors from all over.” The Toronto Star

  6 August 2006: A02.

• Patrick, Kelly. “For first time, Toronto police will turn own cameras on Caribana: If tape does not capture crime, it will be erased, Chief says.” The National Post

  3 August 2006: A9. 

• Powell, Betsy.  “2 deaths, 8 shootings in 3 violent days, nights Women, children run from gunshots; Two men shot outside downtown convenience store Man, 22, gunned down at noon hour in his townhouse.” The Toronto Star

  26 June 2006:  B2.

• Small, Peter. “Caribana parade too big, police say.” The Toronto Star

  5 August 1992: A2

• Silcoff, Sean. “Caribana to go on, organizers vow: 1 dead, 3 hurt in parade shooting.” The Globe and Mail

  5 August 1996, Metro: A1.

• Trotman, David V. “Transforming Caribbean and Canadian Identitiy: Contesting Claims for Toronto’s Caribana.” Atlantic Studies

  2:2, 177 – 198.

• Van Rijn, Nicolaas. “Violence won’t stop Caribana, officials vow.” The Toronto Star

  5 August 1996: A1.

• Welsh, Moira. “It’s like being in the islands.” The Toronto Star

  2 August 1993: A6.

• Zwolinske, M. “A million revelers soak up Caribbean Beat.” The Toronto Star

  . 1 Aug. 1993: A1.

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